Quote,Citation #5

scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/blood/quotes/all.html

"Our postulate provides an obvious explanation of the action of oxygen in preventing the sickling of sickle-cell-anemia erythrocytes. We have visualized the sickling process as one in which complementary sites on adjacent hemoglobin molecules combine. It was suggested that erythrocytes containing oxyhemoglobin or carbonmonoxyhemoglobin do not sickle because of steric hindrance of the attached oxygen or carbon monoxide molecule. This steric hindrance effect might be the distortion of the complementary sites through forcing apart of layers of protein, as is suggested by the isocyanide experiments."

Quote,Citation #4

scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/blood/quotes/all.html

"Science cannot be stopped. Man will gather knowledge no matter what the consequences -- and we cannot predict what they will be. Science will go on -- whether we are pessimistic, or are optimistic, as I am. I know that great, interesting, and valuable discoveries can be made and will be made...But I know also that still more interesting discoveries will be made that I have not the imagination to describe -- and I am awaiting them, full of curiosity and enthusiasm."
Linus Pauling. "Chemical Achievement and Hope for the Future." 1947 lecture hosted by Yale University, reproduced in Science in Progress. Sixth Series. George A. Baitsell, ed. 100-121, 1949. October 15, 1947.

Quote,Citation #3

en.wikipedia.org/wiki

Sickle-cell disease (SCD), or sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) ordrepanocytosis, is a hereditary blood disorder, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickling decreases the cells' flexibility and results in a risk of various life-threatening complications. This sickling occurs because of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene. Individuals with one copy of the mutant gene produce a mixture of both normal and abnormal haemoglobin. This is an example of incomplete dominance.Life expectancy is shortened. In 1994, in the US, the average life expectancy of persons with this condition was estimated to be 42 years in males and 48 years in females,^[1] but today, thanks to better management of the disease, patients can live into their 70s or beyond.^[2]

Sickle-cell disease occurs more commonly among people whose ancestors lived in tropical and sub-tropical sub-saharan regions where malaria is or was common. Where malaria is common, carrying a single sickle-cell allele(sickle cell trait) confers a selective advantage—in other words, being aheterozygote is advantageous. Specifically, humans with one of the twoalleles of sickle-cell disease show less severe symptoms when infected with malaria.^[3]

Photo,Citation #3

http://www.nationalbaptist.com/

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder which constitutes a global health problem. Approximately 100,000 Americans are living with the disease. One in every 500 African Americans and one in every 36,000 Hispanic Americans is born with SCD. Many more Americans perhaps as many as 2.5 million – including 1 in 12 African Americans are carriers for Sickle Cell Trait . Given that these carriers are generally unaffected by SCD complications, many are unaware that their children are at increased risk for the disease 

Chart,Citation

As displayed in the chart divided by race, Sickle Cell Disease affects blacks in the United states. Followed by Native Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and then Whites.

torresbioclan.pbworks.com

quote #2

www.diseaseinfosearch.org/

Sickle cell disease is a condition in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells that have a crescent or sickle shape. These cells do not last as long as normal, round, red blood cells, which leads to anemia (low number of red blood cells). The sickle cells also get stuck in blood vessels, blocking blood flow. Signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease usually begin in early childhood and may include anemia, repeated infections, and periodic episodes of pain (called crises). This condition is caused by mutations in the HBB gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Treatment typically focuses on controlling symptoms and may include pain medicines during crises; hydroxyurea to reduce the number of pain episodes; antibiotics and vaccines to prevent bacterial infections; and blood transfusions.

What I Wanna Know

I wanna know so much more about sickle cell disease. the people with traits, people with full sickle cell disease. i wanna know what they go threw in life, like how having this disease effects their life. i wanna know if everybody with sickle cell disease have the same symptoms or if it give different effects on people. i wanna know who has died from sickle cell disease, who's real sick from it or who's suffering from it. there is just so much to learn about sickle cell disease that i need and want to know.